My comment: That was really good, thanks. Are there any systems that can take a high-level specification of a set of tasks and compile them into machine code that implements just the necessary functionality without the overhead of code which provides the OS primitives for use by any rogue code that may have been introduced to the system somehow? I am thinking of code that just sets up interrupt handlers, DMA channels, etc. so the system can really only do the one thing it was designed to do and nothing else. Subscribe to Artful Bytes .