Generating Random Bits with Avalanche Noise
They chose to design a device that produces random bits over a USB connection provided by an ATmega32U4. There was a time when US export restrictions covered random bit generators and so some security hardware was shipped with a set of dice so users could generate random keys reliably! See also this ars technica piece from 2013 “We cannot trust” Intel and Via’s chip-based crypto, FreeBSD developers say. See also this Hackaday article Towards The Perfect Coin Flip: The NIST Randomness Beacon and this wired 2003 story about the Lava Lite RNGs.
See RAVA: An Open Hardware True Random Number Generator Based on Avalanche Noise by Gabriel Guerrer.
The essential elements are a boost convertor to get a 24 V reverse bias voltage
Then it uses a pair of reverse-biased diodes to generate two signals which are compared against each other:
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