Talk given at TSC 2019 at Interlaken, Switzerland, 26 June 2019: See Unknown Quantum States and Operations, a Bayesian View by Christopher A. Fuchs and Ruediger Schack (2004). The following slides appear in the reverse order in Fuchs' talk: Subscribe to Chris Fuchs . Roger Penrose gave a talk just beforehand: he starts by characterizing understanding, giving examples from games like chess and go, where simulation leads to bad decisions when started from "stupid positions": His slide on the evolution of mathematical ability, starting from a completely stupid position: 22:42 He says the he holds the view that "what goes on in our brains is part of the physical world." If by that he means neurophysiological phenomena such as synapses, blood-flow, neurotransmitters etc, then that is surely incontestable, so he must mean something stronger. He means that understanding is something that goes in a human brain, and that understanding itself must therefore be part...